Concept Of Equilibrium Demand And Supply

Question: Talk about the Concept of Equilibrium Demand and Supply. Answer: Presentation The point of the administration of any nation is to guarantee the nearness of the dependability inside the nation. As per Ehrenberg Smith (2016), it very well may be expressed that the vital just as the adequate conditions inside the nation assists with accomplishing the harmony position. The word harmony has been followed from Physics; be that as it may, it is generally utilized in financial aspects writing. According to the idea of harmony, it very well may be expressed that it is where two significant inverse powers collaborate with one another so as to reach to that state. In this stage, the intensity of these two states is getting invalidated. As far as financial matters, in harmony point the economy can recognize the ideal amount of the merchandise and the administrations at the unequivocal value level where the flexibly of the items would be offset with the interest side of the item. This investigation has featured the way, with which the administration of an economy would have the option to intercede and the market can reestablish harmony inside the nation. In a summation, this examination will talk about the some significant financial matters idea, for example, short run, since a long time ago run, total interest just as total flexibly. In this unique situation, the job of the legislature of a nation will likewise portray. Investigation Thought of harmony: According to the announcement of Walras (2013), it very well may be expressed that harmony is feasible as far as the technique of the opposition. The opposition may happen either in the free market or in the market; which is directed by the administration of an economy. The kinds of the balance depend on the qualities of the event. In this reason, Ehrenberg Smith (2016) expressed that the harmony might be of static or dynamic in nature. Furthermore, the harmony might be of fractional or general sort. This segment will attempt to distinguish the fundamental condition for happening the static sort balance. In this stage, the economy won't go astray from the ideal circumstance. Then again, it very well may be expressed that there are three market separations inside a country, for example, item advertise, money related market and the work showcase. In this specific situation, Rios, McConnell Brue (2013) opined that if there is smoother activity of the organizations and harmony in these t hree markets, at that point it very well may be derived that the worldwide soundness would be accomplished. The total interest (AD) bend can be drawn with the assistance of CKM hypothesis of the IS-LM model. The hypothesis seeing the AD-AS bend can portray the drawn out solidness of the market. Idea of total interest: The interest defined by the buyers inside a nation can be depicted with the assistance of the total interest. The total interest bend features the ability of an economy to pay an expense for the items. The descending slanting interest bend goes through the position, where real consumption is proportional to the arranged use. Figure 1: AD bend (Source: Created by creator) Idea of total flexibly: The all out creation of the merchandise and enterprises of an economy can be distinguished at a specific point, which can be depicted as the idea of total gracefully. As opined by Ehrenberg (2016), there are three sections in the total gracefully bend. These parts are, for example, even area (or Keynesian part), the upward rising locale and finally the vertical part (or Classical hypothesis). In any case, it very well may be referenced that the since quite a while ago run total gracefully bend is vertical in attributes. Figure 2: Aggregate gracefully bend (Source: Created by creator) Short run balance: In the idea of Economics, the capital of an economy can be accepted as the fixed determinant. The collaboration of the financial parts in the short run can be deciphered as the accompanying: Figure 3: Short run balance (Source: Created by creator) From thee above figure, it tends to be seen that short run balance happens when the AD and the AS bend cross one another. The balance cost and amount can be controlled by the degree of P and Y individually. In this association, it tends to be referenced that the total interest can be expanded because of some clear reasons. Accordingly, the interest bend can move to the rightward. This can be found in the above graph and the interest bend has moved from AD to AD1. As the capital is expected as the fixed factor of info and ass it has a place with the short run, in this way, the net flexibly and the AS bend would not be changed. Accordingly, it tends to be referenced that the in the cooperation purpose of AD and AS bend, for example, the collaboration of value level P1 and yield level Y1, the new balance of the economy would be produced. Additionally, it tends to be included that the move of AD bend would expand the yield level and furthermore increment the value level of thee economy. In this circumstance, the administration of a nation would not have the option to pick the suitable arrangement (De Grauwe, 2016). So as to portray the explanation for this circumstance, it very well may be expressed that ascending of yield level is alluring though the ascending of value level isn't attractive. As higher expansion rate is plague for a nation, in this way, the administration requires to middle of the road and necessities to diminish the value level. Since quite a while ago run harmony: Figure 4: Long run balance (Source: Created by creator) According to the above figure, it tends to be seen that the underlying harmony happens where the AD, LRAS and SRAS bend cross to one another. With the move of interest bend to the outward, at that point cost will be expanded, in any case, yield level won't be brought up in request to keep up the balance. Thusly, with these compelled gracefully and more significant expense level, AD bend requires to move to in reverse. Then again, government intends to control the financial and the fiscal approach. In this manner, the balance will be reestablished in since a long time ago spat request to get the steady balance in an economy. End The above examined circumstance will emerge when three unique sorts of business sectors are in the balance position. Be that as it may, over the long haul, the balance will emerge at one point where the economy gets reestablished with the assistance of government mediation. Therefore, it tends to be referenced that administration assumes an imperative job so as to keep up a monetary parity by considering the characteristic pace of work just as by controlling the swelling rate inside the nation in since quite a while ago run. Book reference De Grauwe, P. (2016). Financial matters of fiscal association. Oxford college press. Ehrenberg, R. G. (2016). Current work financial matters: Theory and open strategy. Rios, M. C. (2013). Financial matters: Principles, issues, and strategies. McGraw-Hill. Walras, L. (2013). Components of unadulterated financial matters.

Community College vs. Universities Essay

Which is better, a junior college or college? Both are an incredible encounter. However, In my assessment you would profit all the more emotionally from a junior college. There are various reasons why a network is better, for example, a less expensive expense. In this economy less expensive sounds a lot more pleasant than a costly college. Likewise a littler class, which implies more active involvement in your instructor. What's more, the hours would be progressively adaptable, changing in accordance with your way of life. I could sit for a considerable length of time for and name a lot more explanation; the models are various however let’s delve somewhat more profound into the subtleties and check whether you’ll likewise concur with me. First off, in our present economy less expensive sounds exceptionally appealing and enticing. Despite the fact that you can’t put a cost on your training, it’s ideal to know you’re getting your money’s worth. Being said; the normal educational cost for a college is 4,694 dollars. Furthermore, the entire total for the full four years is generally around 35,000 dollars (A genuine eye opener for a prospective understudy! ) The junior college is lower and educational cost lesser than half arriving at just around 2,076 dollars. Which means you can take classes and gain credits toward a multi year or multi year degree program at a lower cost. With a college the value desires can be hard to reach. You can't be sure whether you get into your major and need to change things up; all things considered it would’ve simply been an exercise in futility and cash. So the distinction in the costs should as of now be opening your contemplations on the off chance that you ought to consider a junior college over a college. Likewise, in the event that you like more active open doors with your educators a junior college would be ideal for you. Junior colleges incline toward less understudies per class, which implies more understudy/instructor association. The standard number of understudies in a network class is around 15 to 20 understudies. In a littler class, educators have the chance to get familiar with their understudies and become more weave in your work by and by. What's more, you will likewise have an a lot simpler time becoming more acquainted with your cohorts, contrasted with a college where’s there’s around 40 to 50 a class. In which classes would be more addressed as opposed to having that one on one time. That could bring about you not completely understanding the work or your teacher’s strategy. Likewise, this is useful for understudies who like access to their educators so they can pose inquiries and abstains from becoming mixed up in the course material or in the mix. Subsequently, it shows that size issues with regards to training, and lessening class size is a significant advance in advancing compelling learning. Another resource for being in a junior college is having the option to change your school calendar to your way of life. For moment, numerous understudies don’t understand that in the event that they plan on working while at the same time going to class, junior college is pass on, the best choice. For instance, having an occupation while going to class can turn out to be troublesome. An occupation plan is truly unusual, as are the individuals you work with. What's more, whoever you work for may require you to come in right on time or work late, so having an early or night class may get you out. Furthermore, another significant situation that a great deal of school understudy have these days is youngsters. Now and then you’re put in a circumstance where u may must be with your youngster, or need to get them from school. That may make you miss a day of class, or in worser cases long periods of school. A junior college offers unmistakably more night classes then a college school, which implies there can be increasingly close to home changes in accordance with you plan. Versus a college, where it might be increasingly backbreaking to manage the calendar they concern you. College understudies are relied upon to do college as though it’s an all day occupation, to say the least. All things considered, the schools won't recoil to plan an essential class at 8 or 9 toward the beginning of the day, five days per week. In doing, it would turn out to be amazingly hard to work a 9 to 5. Finishing up, junior college sounds far increasingly steady and speaking to the up and coming understudy. The evaluating is progressively moderate all year, so you despite everything have money for the vital necessities. On the off chance that you’re searching for additional hands on understanding, at that point it’s likewise directly for you, versus the 50 understudies that’ll be in your college class. Ultimately it would be lighter on your calendar, particularly on the off chance that you are attempting to hold a 9 to 5 occupation, or shuffle kids. To wrap everything up, the college life isn’t as spectacular as it might show up. It might look engaging on TV yet the cost will cause you to rethink.

Decision Follow Up Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Decision Follow Up Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A few questions have come in since we started to release decisions yesterday and I wanted to take an entry to address some of the common inquiries.   Many of the questions have had to do with whether the decisions we sent out in the first batch were limited to a particular category of admission status.   The answer to this question is both yes and no. The first batch of decisions we sent out included MIA and MPA applicants from all three categories that I commented on in recent posts:   waitlist candidates, admitted candidates, and candidates not admitted to the program.   It is true however that the Admissions Committee is still meeting to discuss scholarship offers and thus the first batch of decisions did not include any candidates offered a first-year scholarship award. I should also note that no MPA-DP decisions have been posted yet.   The Committee that reviews MPA-DP candidates is still meeting but decisions should go out very soon. Related to the topic of scholarships, some have asked how we will notify candidates that applied for the International Fellows Program (IFP) if they were selected.   If a candidate has been chosen as an International Fellow this information will be included in the admission letter.   To say it another way, if no information about the IFP program is present in the admission letter this means a candidate has not been chosen for the program. Some questions asked were also about whether the decisions sent in the first batch were related to country of origin or citizenship.   The answer to that question is no.   The decisions we sent or will send in the future are not divided by country of origin or citizenship. The question was also posed of whether decisions are released in alphabetical order.   The answer to that is most definitely no. For those waiting, I know it is hard, but again our process is a bit complex and the availability of Committee members has a direct impact on how fast we can make final decisions.   We appreciate your patience as we work as quickly as we are able to make final decisions.   When decisions are made we will post them to the system and an email will be sent to the email address listed on the application.

Decision Follow Up Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Decision Follow Up Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A few questions have come in since we started to release decisions yesterday and I wanted to take an entry to address some of the common inquiries.   Many of the questions have had to do with whether the decisions we sent out in the first batch were limited to a particular category of admission status.   The answer to this question is both yes and no. The first batch of decisions we sent out included MIA and MPA applicants from all three categories that I commented on in recent posts:   waitlist candidates, admitted candidates, and candidates not admitted to the program.   It is true however that the Admissions Committee is still meeting to discuss scholarship offers and thus the first batch of decisions did not include any candidates offered a first-year scholarship award. I should also note that no MPA-DP decisions have been posted yet.   The Committee that reviews MPA-DP candidates is still meeting but decisions should go out very soon. Related to the topic of scholarships, some have asked how we will notify candidates that applied for the International Fellows Program (IFP) if they were selected.   If a candidate has been chosen as an International Fellow this information will be included in the admission letter.   To say it another way, if no information about the IFP program is present in the admission letter this means a candidate has not been chosen for the program. Some questions asked were also about whether the decisions sent in the first batch were related to country of origin or citizenship.   The answer to that question is no.   The decisions we sent or will send in the future are not divided by country of origin or citizenship. The question was also posed of whether decisions are released in alphabetical order.   The answer to that is most definitely no. For those waiting, I know it is hard, but again our process is a bit complex and the availability of Committee members has a direct impact on how fast we can make final decisions.   We appreciate your patience as we work as quickly as we are able to make final decisions.   When decisions are made we will post them to the system and an email will be sent to the email address listed on the application.

Human Resource Management And Organizational Performance

1. The textbook outlines six (6) theoretical HRM models in the first chapter. These models encompass various relationships between HR activities and goals with regards to strategic human resource management (SHRM), and provide different focus and value in terms of firms’ business strategies. The six models are, as follows: The Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model focuses on four HR activities (selection, appraisal, performance, and rewards), the dependent relationships of each on the other, and connects these four components to organizational performance (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 18). This model relates to SHRM in that it takes into account the need to align a company’s HR policies and practices with its overall business strategy (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 18). The Harvard model bases its theory on six (6) HR aspects including situational factors, stakeholder interests, HRM policy choices, HR outcomes, long-term consequences, and a feedback loop regarding outputs flowing back into the organization and to stakeholders (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 19). This model relates to SHRM in a comprehensive way, with all decisions made and activities undertaken having an effect on a firm’s strategic goals, and with the relationships between each aspect being two-way (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 20). 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Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independance, Ain t I A...

One of the most interesting things about a culture is the voice of the people. In the United States, the American Voice is the combined voices of the people who live in America and the mixing of thousands of different perspectives and ideas. The natural mixing of American culture leads to change whether for better or for worse, as time goes on, so does America and the American people. American literature commonly has strong themes of unity and equality. The clearest way to see the voice of a culture is through its literature, essays by american authors like The Declaration of Independance, Ain’t I a Woman, and Letters from Birmingham Jail. One important document from America is the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of†¦show more content†¦However despite that fact, the American people continue to fight for their rights. The American people have been fighting for equal rights since the beginning of the county, however until August 18, 1920, about half of the population was not allowed to vote. The women’s suffrage movement, however, had been going for a while before then in speeches like â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman† given by Sojourner Truth in 1851 at the Women s Convention held in Akron, Ohio. Truth speaks about the ways that men treat women as â€Å"That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere.† as well as the hypocrisy of these sexist ideals since, â€Å"Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain t I a woman?† Truth’s speech demonstrates how the ways that women are treated are biased and seixst. Truth lived through slavery and fought for the rights of African Americans in the

Climate Change The Great Meltdown - 1264 Words

Climate Change: The Great Meltdown Vladimir Nikitin English for ESL learners Mr. Berryman 16 March 2015 Introduction Definition It’s commonly said that climate is what you expect; weather is what you get. Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a certain moment in certain location while climate is an average of the weather throughout the years. Even though that statement is true for the atmosphere, climate is more complicated than that. It also involves the biosphere and hydrosphere of the Earth. â€Å"Climate change refers to any significant change in the measure of climate for an extended period of time.† (http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/basics/). This means that averages of climate are based on hundreds, thousands of years of data and the fact that it has been changing so rapidly means that something is out of balance. That something is the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide that has been increasing since the Industrial Revolution. 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Global warming will influence and/or cause heat waves, polar ice caps melting, flooding, extinction, and droughts. Social, Historic and Intellectual Context of the Study The existing research literature suggests that global warming is going to greatly affect the Earth’s climate. Global warming is defined as an increase in the earths atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predictedRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Marine Ecosystems1504 Words   |  7 Pagesnetworks. Even small changes might have big consequences due to positive feedback chains. Many recent changes are caused by climate change. Set in motion by the industrial revolution in the 19th Century levels of CO2 have been constantly rising and so have global temperatures, sea level and ocean temperatures. In this essay I will talk about several impacts of climate change in marine ecosystems such as rising sea temperature, changing sea levels, decrease of sea-ice, changes in salinity, different

Review of Women and Society in Educational Research

Question: Discuss about the Review of Women and Society in Educational Research. Answer: Introduction: This article has briefly explained the political scientists and sociologists different view-point on power. According to sociologists the power is greatly centralized and as described by the political scientists, it is widely diffused. Both Bachrach and Baratz contend further that neither of the notions gives the clear picture. They postulated the two faces of power. They say neither of the two faces is seen by the sociologists and the political scientists see only one of these two faces. In this article, the authors have focused on both the two faces of power. The author feels the first face of power deals with the powers on critical issues and the second is defined as restrictive by them. The article has given a deep insight on the relationship of the behavior of the individual and the exercise of power. The authors in this article has also discussed on the decision making and control. In this article, the major focus is on power. It also provides information about the status of co nflict and its role in exercising power. This journal has discussed about the position of women in the Saudi Arabian society. It has highlighted how Saudi Arabia is a blend of religion and culture. The author has described on how and why the culture and religion prevailing here is posing difficulties for the government over women education. The author here has reviewed various literatures on the women and society in this country. Along with this, Islamic Feminism in the Saudi Arabian society and Feminist theories are been discussed in this journal. Furthermore, the author has also elaborated on the status of women in this society and in their Holy Book- Quran; as well as an in-depth comparison in both of them. In this book, the author undertakes an in-depth analysis of the urban women prevailing in the Saudi Arabian society. It is one of the most welcome additions to the gradually growing literature on the sociological analysis of the non-Western women. This book is a combination of ethnographical framework and self-reflexivity that leads to a gradation interpretation of the communal interpretation of the women of Saudi Arabia in their own terms. The book has focused on many things. They include- the impact of class and the family belonging, analysis of the how rapidly the country has undergone economic development etc. This book has beautifully demonstrated the fact that the Saudi Arabian society is truly transforming itself in accordance to the current royal reforms, which has greatly influenced the life of the women in this country. All these sources have helped me a lot in testing my thesis. They helped me with numerous resources to analyze my test. The information that these book, journal and article are associated to are directly linked with my thesis paper questions and have assisted me n great terms to answer them. All these resources have presented an idea in response to my thesis test. The test could not have taken this form without the help of these authors and their literary and academic writing. References: Bachrach, P., Baratz, M. S. (1994). Two Faces of Power.Power: Critical Concepts,2, 85. Al Alhareth, Y., Al Alhareth, Y., Al Dighrir, I. (2015). Review of women and society in Saudi Arabia.American Journal of Educational Research,3(2), 121-125. Le Renard, A. (2014).A society of young women: opportunities of place, power, and reform in Saudi Arabia. Stanford University Press.

Franz Joseph Haydn free essay sample

Franz Joseph Haydn is a composer who elevates the purposes and accomplishment of the Classical period. Possibly his greatest achievement was the fact that he established and advanced in many perceptive ways and the most significant organized notion in the memoir of music. He was a perfectionist in the set of expectations regarded as sonata form which made a massive impact. In As many as hundreds of sonatas, stringed quartets and symphonies, Franz broke both new ground and supplied durable models, as a matter of fact he was one of the creators of the fundamental genres of the classical music. He Influenced later composers In an Immense way.His most renowned student, Beethoven was the Immediate recipient of Franz genius musical Imagination. Heydays shadow prowls wealth the music of some composers Like Brahms, Schubert and Mendelssohn. Rhea most acknowledgeable achievement In Heydays formal competence can be said to be his sense of humor, his sentiments for the unpredictable, twist of elegance. We will write a custom essay sample on Franz Joseph Haydn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Symphony number ninety four, where the composer yanks the audience members ho characteristically fall asleep during movements that are slow in movements with Eden and unpredicted interference of a fortissimo chord when a passage of quietude occurs. Haydn has produced 340 hours more that Mozart, Beethoven, Bach or Handle has produced. Haydn was a tireless worker who has an endless musical imagination and also was prolific. He was the last well-known beneficiary of the noble patronage of the system that fostered European musical composition from the time of the Renaissance. He was born in an Austrian village called Aurora and became a choirboy at the SST. Stephens Cathedral navigate an early age of eight.Haydn lived a very successful and long life which yielded the fruits of his own creativity and hard work before encountering his sad end. By the time the Stretchers introduced their activities of music in 1790, He was very well known everywhere in Europeans regarded as the paramount composer alive. Haydn quit composing in the year 1 803, thereafter prorogued his correlation with a brief quotation in music which contained the content that all his strength was gone and that he was weak and old.

The Worlds Impact on Trade essays

The Worlds Impact on Trade essays In the early fifteenth century the way of transportation was via ship. This transatlantic world called for other means of survival than just food alone. Therefore, people needed more to stay alive and pleased. Ships helped out with many tasks including getting from one part of the world to the other, discovery of new territories, cultures, foods, and goods, but most importantly, it helped out with trade. Through the help of the ship, brave sailors, and newly discovered merchandise, trade helped Europe dominate and expand over the world. It is difficult to comprehend how Europe became so powerful when the view of the globe was so narrow. They did this through purchasing goods, moving them to another territory where they were not known and selling them for a profit. This was known as mercantilism and the Europeans did it with much eagerness. By the sixteen hundreds, the Europeans covered most of the shores of America and came into contact with Africa. Africa was a home to wealthy kingdoms, primarily in West Africa, based on a trade of gold for salt. West Africa needed salt and North Africa wanted gold. Europe came to be involved with Africa in what started out as wanting a part of the gold, but ended up overpowering the cities in Africa. They took the feeble citizens as slaves to sell for trade, and they succeeded in doing so. Some citizens volunteered as indentured servants thinking that they were going to be paid, but it ended up as a rude awakening for them. Slaves, sadly, provided cheap and reliable lab or to provide commodities for the west European markets. About ten million slaves from Africa ended up in the New World plantations, while many more were captured and died on the way over. If there was a profit to be made, the people were interested. The Europeans economy changed from a large negotiating financial system to a moneymaking system. Merchandise from all over circulated through Europe and they...

Rowlandson's self-presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rowlandson's self-presentation - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to examine Rowlandson’s narrative, discussing her self-description throughout the captivity ordeal. According to Rowlandson ,2 prior to her capture, she lived in prosperity with all the comforts of the world, including wealth and family. She also disregarded others around her, dismissing their suffering, poverty and losses. As a consequence, Rowlandson believed that God was punishing her by taking away all her comforts in order to ensure that she became aware of all that God had given her. Rowlandson’s description of her plight under captivity typifies the Puritan culture and the purpose of religion and gender in the Puritan society. 3In accordance with Puritan beliefs, Rowlandson repeatedly quotes Bible verses so as to affirm her descriptions of the world of contrast, consisting of good and evil and light and darkness. Rowlandson’s utilization of scripture demonstrates how she drew strength from the Bible in her time of weakness, typ ifying Puritan beliefs in the providence and grace of God and how they shape all worldly events. For instance, when she was unaware of her children’s whereabouts, she opted to cast her burden to God in order to receive sustenance. Essentially, this narrative demonstrates the inherent differences between the cultures of colonists and natives. This account is valuable since it provides a female perspective in a field that is largely dominated by males. Rowlandson’s account of her eleven weeks in captivity provides a succinct description of the way non-Puritan individuals faced incredible devastations. Through Rowlandson’s experiences, it becomes clear how Americans considered other societies, including colonists with extreme disdain. Rowlandson shows how Indians captured Puritans such as herself in order to use them primarily for their skills. Indian natives required Rowlandson to knit clothes for them, allowing her to keep living since they deemed her skills to b e beneficial to them. Rowlandson’s narrative is remarkable since it provided a way through which a Puritan woman could have an individual voice within the Puritan society. Rowlandson’s narrative was one of the best books of its time since it offered a long-lasting impact on the history of women within the colonial society.4 Throughout her narrative, Rowlandson grants a voice to Puritan women who were initially silenced by male dominance in a society that deemed women more as property possessed by men, than individuals capable of maintaining their individuality and self-awareness. In her narrative, Rowlandson details her struggles not only as an individual living in the Puritan society, but as a woman whose individuality was stripped by the Puritan society’s excessive focus on men. The vast majority of narratives written regarding Indian captivity were composed by women since they served as interesting subjects compared to their male counterparts. 5Rowlandsonâ₠¬â„¢s narrative is significant owing to the time in which it was composed; the account chronicles the early relations between Indians and Europeans. Rowlandson’s narrative shows how she attempted to affirm her sense of identity as a Puritan woman. In the Puritan society, women and men were deemed equal on the spiritual front but were considered inferior to men on the social scene. This is evidenced by women’s inability to vote or play a vital role in the public arena, akin to slaves and children. Through the account of her struggles in captivity,

Five easy pieces and the reflection of alienation in the 70s Essay

Five easy pieces and the reflection of alienation in the 70s - Essay Example Five Easy Pieces directed by Bob Rafaelson is among the greatest films of the Hollywood 1970’s golden era. In the film, the character of Bobby Dupea is the archetype of numerous heroes from that period. Bobby gets stuck in two worlds (Rafaelson). He is a man who cannot fit into the American society and is making efforts to find a place where he truly belongs. One of the outstanding features of the 1970’s films was the character’s struggle to deal with the problem of alienation that was prevalent in the America at that time. This emerged from the sixties as the rejection of both the working class and leisure class values. The film portrays an individual trying so hard to deal with the alienation problem without being a counter culture hippie. Most of the post sixties era exhibited the theme of alienation. The theme of alienation also defined the 70’s era. However, in recent films of the 1990’s and 1980’s era, alienation has been reflected to t he extreme with the so bloody and violent action films. The heroes in these movies are violent, anti-social and alienated. They have no societal respect at large. The first scenes of â€Å"Five Easy Pieces† show the main character Bobby as a typical oil mine worker. Bobby puts a lot of energy in his work to get his money. He spends his leisure time playing time drinking beer, playing cards, watching television and bowling.   At the beginning of the film, Bobby gets reflected as a happy person, but as the film progresses he gets revealed. as a man dissatisfied with his life (Rafaelson). Rayette’s clingy mature annoys Bobby so much. He loathes country music and dislikes the way his girlfriend lives her life through Tammy Wynette songs. Rayette seems to play songs for every occasion of her life. When they go out with their friends Stoney and Elton, Bobby could not enjoy the bowling. He is angry and highly competitive at Rayette’s inexperience in the game. At some point, he later cheats on his girlfriend with a woman named Sally Struthers. This shows the relationship trend at the time, where men cheated on their wives and girlfriends (Boyer 87). In contrast with his coworker and friend Elton, Bobby hates the life that comes with their job. Elton loves spending time with his wife and kid. His job at the oil field is due to lack of skills and that the job provides the basic needs for his family. Elton represents the working class who are in pursuit of the American dream. Bobby is more interested in worldly things. This film is a reflection of how the mid-seventies society got focused on the American dream. The contrast between the two characters gets clearly depicted in the scene where Elton and Bobby are in stuck in the freeway

A Network Technology And Data Communications Information Technology Essay

A Network Technology And Data Communications Information Technology Essay A WAN, or Wide Area Network, is a network that covers a large area, for example computers on opposite sides of the planet communicating. Usually, WANs are 2 or more LANs (Local Area Networks) connected together. One of the most well-known examples of a WAN is something we all use every day: the Internet. Types of WANs PTO Switched Services Here I will look at some of the most commonly known examples of PTO Switched Services. Circuit Switching Circuit switching is based on the sender and receiver making the most of the full communication channel for the length of the communication. This type of switching can be found in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) where telephone calls are started by the person dialling but arent completed until the person receiving the call answers. The main advantage of circuit switching is that it is extremely reliable for what it does. Another advantage is that once the connection is set up, it is fast to use and relatively error-free. The disadvantages include the cost of the initial set up and the time that it takes to set up the particular channel. There is also the chance of a failure at one point causing a disruption in all communications. Lastly, although there are many paths available, you can only communicate on one path at a time, meaning that if you want to talk to someone else you will have to start the process again, in the same vein once a path is established that channel will be unavailable to other users. To attempt to overcome the problems of circuit switching, packet switching was introduced. Examples of Circuit Switching PSTN PSTN, or Public Switched Telephone Network, is a circuit-switching network that uses internationally agreed codes and unique identifiers (telephone numbers) to operate. The PSTN network was originally made for fixed-line analogue telephone systems but the PSTN is now almost completely digital and also incorporates mobile telephones alongside analogue ones. ISDN ISDN, or Integrated Services Digital Network, is a communications standard used internationally to send data, including voice and video, over digital or regular phone lines, at the same time. One of the most well known uses of ISDN is for Internet access, with ISDN providing a maximum speed for upload and download of 128 Kbit/s. Leased Lines A leased line is a symmetric telecommunications line connecting two locations for voice and/or data communications. Unlike PSTN lines, leased lines dont have a telephone number; instead each side of the line is permanently connected to the other. Usually, leased lines are used by businesses to directly connect offices that are far apart, however shorter distances are also used for convenience. The main difference between leased lines and dial-up connections is that a leased line is always active. The main advantage of leased lines is the guarantee of a high level of quality, this is because the connection doesnt carry anybody elses data. Packet Switching Packet switching is a communications method that works by splitting the data being sent into smaller chunks, called packets. When the data is sent it can end up being sent through different paths to arrive at its destination. Each time a packet goes through a switch, router or adapter it is buffered and queued, which can slow down how quick the packets arrive at their destination, which also means the order of delivery can also be different. Examples of Packet Switching X.25 X.25 is one of the oldest packet-switched services that are still available and used, although it is now being replaced by less complex protocols, like IP (internet Protocol). It was developed before the OSI Reference Model so the protocol suite is essentially just three layers, which are almost the same as the lower three layers of the seven-layer OSI model (Physical, Data and Network layers). X.25 is designed to operate effectively regardless of which systems are connected to the network. It is typically used by telephone service providers which allows them to charge their customers based on their use of the network. Frame Relay Frame relay is a telecommunication service geared towards cost-efficient data transmission between local area networks and wide area networks. Frame relay sends packets at the data link layer of the OSI model rather than at the Network layer. A frame can use packets from different protocols such as Ethernet and X.25 and is also variable in size with some being as large as 1000bytes or more. Frame Relay was originally a stripped-down version of X.25, but managed to distance itself from the error-correcting which is most commonly associated with X.25. Instead when Frame Relay finds an error, it just drops the packet. Frame Relay works on the basis of shared-access and uses a technique known as best-effort, where error-correction is almost obsolete however there is also no guarantee of reliable data delivery, instead it leaves the error correcting to each end of the connection. SMDS SMDS, or Switched Multimegabit Data Service, is a telecommunications service that provides connectionless, high-performance, packet-switched data transport. As SMDS is neither a protocol nor a technology, it means that it can support standard protocols and communications interfaces that are using current, as well as future, technology. SMDS can use either fibre or copper-based lines and works on the data link and physical layers of the OSI model. Mobile and Broadband Services The greatest change to WANs and most internet services in the near future is expected to be the rise and increase of quality in mobile and broadband services and standards. ATM ATM, or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a data link as well as a network layer circuit switched protocol which is connection based. For example a logical connection has to be made between both end points before data can start to be sent or received. ATM also divides the data being sent into small sized cells, each consisting of 53 bytes (48 Bytes for Data and 5 Bytes for Header Information). The process of splitting the data into a fixed size is what makes ATM different from packet switched networks that use different length packets, like IP. xDSL DSL, or Digital Subscriber Line, provides customers with digital services through their telephone system. The x simply means that there are a range of different DSL technology available. DSL is probably the most used method for people to access digital services, such as the internet as it is cheaper than leased lines and also faster than ISDN, with speeds of upto 1.5Mb/s download speed and 128kb/s upload speed available on ADSL (Asymmetric DSL). This is down to the fact that DSL uses a digital modem rather than an analogue one, meaning that the data doesnt need to be converted before it is sent.

Why did Virgil Want to Burn The Aeneid? :: History Historical Papers

Why did Virgil Want to Burn The Aeneid? Publius Vergilis Maro, known to us as Virgil, was born Oct 15, 70 BC in Northern Italy. Octavius, who had always been a friend of Virgil, became Emperor in 27 BC, adopting the name of Augustus. He made Virgil in a sense, a court poet, "although [Virgil] always retained his independence of thought and expression" (Milch 7). However it was the Emperor's initial idea, and not Virgil's own, for him to write the Aeneid. Virgil accepted the project although he later wrote that "he thought he must have been just about mad to attempt the task" (Quinn 73). In the end, after working on the project for eleven years, Virgil thought he had failed in the attempt. He planned a three year trip to Greece and Asia to try to fix what he thought was wrong with the Aeneid. But he died before he could finish, and on his deathbed Virgil asked for the manuscript to be burned. It is puzzling that the author of such a masterpiece, hailed by many as the best piece of literature ever written, and certainly one of the most influential, could look upon his work this way. Not just that it hadn't lived up to his expectations, but that it was bad enough that it should be burned. It doesn't seem to me that Virgil would have asked this simply because he didn't want people to read his work unless it was perfect. He must have thought that there was something actually dangerous about the Aeneid in its present form. In order to try to guess why Virgil believed the Aeneid to be such a failure, it is important to first be familiar with what Virgil was trying to accomplish with the story. Augustus wanted it to be an epic which glorified Rome and ultimately himself. Virgil himself had a passion for Italy and the peace, order, and security that could come as a result of the Augustan age. He had grown up in the midst of civil war and experienced first hand the pain and suffering that it caused. Uniting all Italy under one rule would put an end to civil war and this was Augustus' plan. So in that sense Virgil shared Augustus' vision and was an ideal choice to write the epic. But Virgil also had a deep hatred for all wars and battles, a sentiment which is hinted at in the text of the Aeneid many times.

Presentation Of Behaviorism And Social Learning Essay

Learning about how and why people and animals alike behave in a specific way has always been a topic of interest that spans even in the Olden Times, hence, Behaviorism came about.   It is a theory which takes learning as the result of the actions of the environment on the learner. ( Denis & Phillips, 2003, p.7 ).   Associated with this theory is the view of tabula rasa, where the mind has nothing and that all information our mind has is a result of the experiences we go through.   Under Behaviorism are the following types of learning: Classical Conditioning, which depicts the connection between stimulus and response. (Davis, 2002, p.166)   Imagine a new born baby who cried because it was slapped by the doctor on the buttocks. The slap on the buttocks was the stimulus, and crying was the response to that stimulus. Operant Conditioning deals more with the positive and negative outcomes of a response, simply put, positive and negative reinforcements.  Ã‚   For example: a child studies hard because every time that child gets high grades, a gift is given to that child.   The giving of the gift reinforces the child’s behavior to earn high grades for the long-term.   Another type of learning that falls under Behaviorism is the Social Learning Theory, which involves the observation of admirable things, which are thus, modeled or mirrored.   (Kafai, 2004, p.129). This learning theory can be summed up through these words: â€Å"Learning by Observation.† A child following the footsteps of an elder sibling who has been recognized due to excellent grades can be a good example of the Social Learning Theory in application.   The Self-Efficacy Theory, a theory that falls under the Social Learning Theory also plays an important role in psychology. It states that the person’s perception of what he or she can do or is capable of, makes that person choose actions that will pave the way for him/her reaching set goals.   Personality Development/Self-Confidence Books/Courses embody self-efficacy, as it is common knowledge that if you believe in yourself, more often than not, you succeed in a task. Behaviorism, I believe, can be used for self-understanding and self-improvement. References Davies, Martin. (2002). The Blackwell Companion to Social Work. Britain: Blackwell Publishing. Denis, Charles., & Phillips, Jonas F. Soltis. (2003). Perspectives on Learning.   New York: Teachers College Press. Kafai, Yasmin B. (2004). Embracing Diversity in the Learning Sciences. Yorkshire: Routledge.

Anthem and Brave New World Essay - 839 Words

BNW In the two books that we read, Anthem and Brave New World, there are several things in their societies that are the same, and several things that are different. They do spend their free time doing different things, but their beliefs are basically the same. The two groups educate their children in almost the same way. They are both taught in groups of people that were born at the same time. The information is constantly drilled in to their heads whether they like it or not. In Brave New World, they try to teach them when they are sleeping. Neither one of them has a choice of what they want to learn or whether or not they want to learn anything. If they go against the learning process, they will be punished. The kids†¦show more content†¦An invention or an advancement in something will only be accepted if it helps the rest of the people, such as creating more jobs for them. It has to be more complicated than something that already exists. This helps them to keep bettering the things they have. Although the two societies have almost the same rules about new inventions, the technology they both have is nothing alike. The people in Brave New World are much more advanced. I would say they have even more than we do today. They fly around in helicopters instead of driving cars. Their helicopters even seem more advanced than ours because of how fast they go. The reason these people are so advanced is the same reason the people in Anthem have so little technology. They only allow certain people to create new things. If anyone other than these people invent something, they are punished by being whipped. They don’t even have light bulbs. For some reason they choose not to make new thing better then the ones they have. They think this will hurt their society. There are two very big differences in the societies. The first one is in how their children are born. In Anthem, they are born just how our babies are. They are born naturally and without being given any drugs to alter the way they come out. The mothers go through normal birth and then the children are immediately taken away from them to begin their education. They never see theirShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Anthem And Brave New World 883 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to understand the message conveyed throughout both novels, one must understand the context in which they were written. Anthem and Brave New World were written during the 1930’s, when the world was experiencing the negative effects of communistic ideology. Dictators like Joseph Stalin, and Adolf Hitler showcased the horrors of too much government control. These dictators left millions dead in the name of evil, greed, and a lust for systematic power. During this period of unrest, authors likeRead MoreBrave N ew World and Anthem Comparison Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesThe Government’s Different Ways of Controlling People In both Brave New World and Anthem the underlying themes are very similar. The government controls every aspect of people’s lives, everyone is supposed to be perfectly happy with what role they are given, and the main character do not fit into what the government was deemed normal. While both books have these very similar traits, there are many differences as well; the way the government controls the people, as well as the form of governmentRead More Comparing the Philosophies of Brave New World and Anthem Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe Philosophies Brave New World and Anthem       The books Brave New World by Aldus Huxley and Anthem by Ayn Rand are both valuable twentieth-century contributions to literature. Both books explore the presence of natural law in man and propose a warning for what could happen when mans sense of right and wrong is taken from him. In this essay, I hope to show how these seemingly unrelated novels both expound upon a single, very profound, idea.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before launching into theRead MoreSuppression of Individuality in Huxleys Brave New World and Rands Anthem1686 Words   |  7 PagesFahrenheit 451, a Ray Bradbury book, possesses a stereotypical citizen named Guy Montag. Guy sees the world just the same as any other individual. No true happiness or emotion is ever evoked. In his society, Montag becomes aware that books and other censored items exist in the world, but their presence has no impact on him until a female character enters the story. Talking one afternoon, Montag becomes interest in this female’s opinions on society. He soon concludes that the government is repressingRead MoreDystopian Society In Kurt Vonneguts Anthem And Harrison Bergeron1050 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian societies are controlled by totalitarian leaders, which teach citizens that individualism and uniqueness is bad. In the two short stories â€Å"Anthem† and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† the two main characters make a statement by showing it’s possible to break out of the controlling system, standing up and believing in themselves and individualism, and letting the world know about the greatness within one’s self. â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† is a short story written by Kurt Vonnegut. It is about a man named Harrison whoRead MoreDystopian Heroes1106 Words   |  5 Pagesbeliefs, and way of life are different from what we would find normal. All the literary works demonstrate a society unlike ours including: To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Harrison Vonnegut, â€Å"The Pedestrian† by Ray Bradbury, Anthem by Ayn Rand, 1984 by George Orwell, and Life As We Knew It by Susan Beth Pfeffer. In every dystopian society, there is an outcast who does not agree with the government. DystopianRead MoreLooking At Two Samsung Galaxy S7 Commercials1556 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause they are good examples of how foreign culture is used to appeal to an American audience. The first commercial is entitled â€Å"The Anthem† while the other is entitled â€Å"The Chant.† Additionally, the two commercials are good illustrations of how Samsung has globalized and is an international company. Samsung organized these two commercials to advertise their new Galaxy s7 smart phones to the American public. The purpose of these Galaxy s7 commercials is to appeal to and sell to western societyRead MoreTaking a Look at the Maori Culture620 Words   |  3 Pagesprofessional golfer Michael Campbell’s clothing label, Cambo, the culture of Maori and their ‘brand’ are helping New Zealand position itself in an ever-increasing global market. New Zealand government officials first warned Fiat (car manufacturer), whom launched and advertisement of woman imitating the ‘Ka mate’ haka last year that it would be seen as insensitive to Maori and the New Zealand public. The irony of course is that this is certainly not the first time that an international company hasRead MoreHeavens Gate: A Colossal Failure Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pages so they needed to be rid of their earthly bodies. Needless to say, nobody really knows where the souls of these people went , but the group strongly felt that they would be enhanced by ending their earthly lives. That being said, where the real world considers this occurrence a tragic event by a disturbed cult, the cult would consider their mass suicide a success. In reality, this horrific tragedy was not a success but a major failure. How exactly did Heaven’s Gate fail by doing what they believedRead MoreThe World s Largest Incarceration Rate992 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States of America is known as a country of independence, liberty, and rights; within the lines of our national anthem the Stars Spangled Banner, it is clear to see how the phrases the land of the free and home of the brave, symbolize the ideals that have been centralized into the American Society for hundreds of years. Despite being recognized as a world power; for its military structure and the believed system of possibilities in terms of self advancement, the United States of America

How to Pronounce Xi Jinpings Name

China has been growing as a world power, and Xi Jinping, the countrys leader since 2012, is ever-present in the news and on the world stage. Its important, therefore, for students of Chinese—and indeed for anyone keeping up with current events—to be able to pronounce the Chinese leaders name. But saying his name correctly is not simple; it requires understanding the Chinese alphabet as well as the tones you must use when pronouncing Chinese letters and words. Basic Pronunciation The alphabetical letters used to write sounds in Mandarin Chinese (called Hanyu Pinyin) dont often match sounds they describe in English, so simply trying to read a Chinese name and guess its pronunciation is not sufficient.  (Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Mainland China and Taiwan.) The simplest way to pronounce the name of the president of China is to say Shee Jin Ping. But you also must account for the Chinese tones. The Four Tones In Mandarin Chinese, many characters have the same sounds, so tones are necessary when speaking to help differentiate words from each other.  The four tones are: First: a level and higher pitchSecond: a rising tone that starts from a lower pitch and ends  at a slightly higher pitchThird:  a falling-rising  tone that begins at a neutral tone then dips to a lower pitch before ending at a higher pitchFourth:  a falling tone that starts the syllable at a slightly higher-than-neutral pitch then goes quickly and strongly downward You can listen to a recording of a native speaker pronouncing the name and mimic the pronunciation. The BBC notes that the name is pronounced -sh as in ship, -j as in Jack, -i as in sit, -ng as in sing. Breaking Down the Name The presidents name is ä ¹  Ã¨ ¿â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ³ (or ç ¿â€™Ã¨ ¿â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ³ written in traditional form). His name, as do most Chinese names, consists of three syllables. The first syllable is his family name and the two remaining are his personal name. Xi, the first part of the name, can be difficult for non-native Chinese speakers to pronounce because the hard  x sound does not exist in English. It is alveolo-palatal, meaning that its produced by placing the body of the tongue against the front part of the hard palate. The tongue position is similar to the first sound in yes in English. Try producing a hissing sound and youll get pretty close. The i is like the y in city but longer. The tone rises when pronouncing this part of the name, so it takes on the second tone. Jin is also tricky, but if you know how to pronounce the hard x in Chinese, it becomes a lot easier. J is pronounced like the x  sound but has a stop in front of it. Think of it as a very light t, or tx. Take care not to breathe out too hard when pronouncing the t because it will turn into a Chinese Pinyin q. The i in jin should sound similar to the i in xi but shorter. The tone falls in this part of the name, so it takes on the fourth tone. Ping is fairly straightforward; it is pronounced much as it looks in English written form. One minor difference is that the ng is pronounced farther back and is more prominent than in English. The tone rises in this part of the name so it takes on the second tone.

Hamlet, By William Shakespeare - 911 Words

The male characters in Hamlet continually abuse both Ophelia and Gertrude, physically and psychologically, as a pathetic attempt to gain power and control over the situation. One of the greatest examples of psychological abuse comes from the harrowing scene where Hamlet and Ophelia have their final conversation before Hamlet leaves for England. During this rage-induced altercation, Hamlet refuses to accept Ophelia’s returning of the gifts previously given to her from him, saying â€Å"I never gave you aught† (3.1.97). Ophelia is appalled as Hamlet continues to insult her and laugh in her face. In the climax of the argument, Hamlet tells Ophelia that she â€Å"should not have believed me; for virtue cannot so inoculate our old stock but we shall relish of it: I loved you not† (3.1.117-119). The immense amount of psychological damage received by Ophelia between the addition and removal of love by Hamlet and her father’s death is enough to drive anyone to mad ness. David M. Smith recounts this as Hamlet’s necessity â€Å"to genuine outsideness because of the danger of being co-opted by love† (Smith, 1). However, Hamlet no longer needed to protect himself in his situation. His actions from this scene were not only uncalled for, but added to the slow mental demise of his sweet Ophelia. Hamlet’s next scene of abuse come shortly after this when he goes to speak to Gertrude about her participation in the murder of Old Hamlet. His rage, yet again, takes over, but this time he adopts physical abuseShow MoreRelatedHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most fam ous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet, the arguableRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, author of Hamlet, was a well-known author in the 1500s and is still popular today. He was born on April 24, 1564 in London, England. Although there were no birth records at that time, it shows he was baptized one year prior to that, which leads us to believe his birthday was in 1564 because children were normally baptized a year after their birth. Shakespeare’s writing style was very different than others at that time. He used many metaphors and rhetorical phrases, and most ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. 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What Is Success Death of Salesman Essay Example For Students

What Is Success Death of Salesman Essay In the play, Death of Salesman, by Arthur Miller, the main character Willy Loman holds an American Dream of material wealth and personal popularity. As his oldest child Biff struggles to become a character which he is not, he faces reality as he realizes he is nothing but a low life creep. The Loman family also consists of Biff s younger brother Happy who is a clone of his father that seeks impossible goals without the general knowledge that lead truly successful people to follow the dreams of their hearts. Linda played the old fashion typical mother; this character in many ways was loving, occasionally realistic, and most importantly the backbone of the family. I believe that the American Dream should consist of the following traits; self respect, love, happiness and giving. The Loman Family American Dream featured personal likeness, wealth, and a life of chasing misleading goals. The following explains, what in my opinion success is and who and what it takes to be successful. How do you measure success and what does it take to achieve that state? Simply put no one becomes a success overnight unless you are one of the few extreme cases that believes that when you hit the lottery your are a success just since you have enough cash to wipe your ass with. It takes a person to realize what their purpose is here on this Earth. When you look back at an older age at your life, you must have a sense of accomplishment in some manner towards others and your self. A question one might ask to him or her self is; have I made a mark on society and was the mark a positive one or a negative one. A positive impact on others lives is enough to keep me happy and enjoying life. When I look back on my life I will have not doubt it s was a success since I will have a loving family and home. Success will be evident in my occupation and family life. It was easy to see that Willy Loman had all the wrong ideas about success. Willy believed he was a failure and tricked himself into believing that the had achieved a whole lot in life and was going to pass on his success to his son Biff who intern would become more successful. Willy lived a life with many struggles and had a hard time when things changed and got tuff he felt bad since he had nothing to show for. Willy had several flaws but was not loved by his children enough to give helping hand. Love truly is success, it helps you live to see the next day and appreciate what the plant and its residents have to offer. As sad as Willy Lomans life was I don t think that his sons had the right to abuse him the way they did. This must have been the reason why he fell apart at the end as he saw the vision of his death insurance money making Biff success money simply doesn t cut it regarding this matter. As I am still young and focus my efforts on becoming rich, I hope to soon realize what my parents tell me, that money isn t everything there is life beyond money. It is hard to see that helping other and doing what you love best is really what counts when you re a young adult. To conclude one must come to understand that you should set goal that are realistic and have internal value not just the hunt of money.

The Field Studies of the Mangrove Ecosystem free essay sample

The state and federal government created the Park during 1980s, to celebrate Australias Bicentenary in 1988†(2). â€Å"On 1 January the Park was officially opened†(3). â€Å"This large up-to-date park consists of 100 hectors of inheritance land†. Mangroves are among the endangered habitats in the world, there are 64 types of mangroves in the world, and Bicentennial Park has 2 types. Like the mangroves salt marsh is also an endangered species, it is a filtering system for nearby rivers and streams and supplies nutrients to fish and other aquatic species. â€Å"The Badu mangrove board walk allows people to walk through one of the largest remaining mangrove ecosystem beside the Parramatta River†(4). Aim: To study the mangrove ecosystem by: * Measuring the abiotic factors at different locations. * Estimating the abundance of a plant and animal species. We will write a custom essay sample on The Field Studies of the Mangrove Ecosystem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Describing the distribution of a plant and animal species. * Identify the relationships between the abundance and distribution of a plant and animal species. * Describing how abiotic factors affect the distribution of organism. Method: Different test where executed: Measuring the abiotic factors at different location: We measured different types of abiotic factors in the saltmarsh community and in the mangroves ecosystem. Here are the types: Soil temp, soil moisture, light intensity, wind velocity, air temp and humidity. * Soil temp: equipment (Soil thermometer probe). Take the reading of the probe which was in the ground. Soil moisture: equipment (Soil moisture meter). Take the reading of the meter which is in the ground. * Light intensity: equipment (Light meter). I. You get the light meter open to see the white disk than point it upwards and press the button and wait for the reading. II. Take the reading of the meter. III. Close the light meter and put it back. * Wind velocity: equipment (Anemometer). I. Open the anemometer. II. Take the an emometer point it slightly upwards. III. Take the reading of the anemometer. * Air temp: equipment (thermometer) Take the reading of the thermometer. * Humidity: equipment (Hygrometer) Take the reading of the Hygrometer. Estimating the abundance of plant and animal species: In order to estimate the prosperity of the plant and animal species (seedlings and crab holes), the quadrant technique was applied. 10 one meter quadrants where placed along the mangrove creek beside the wooden pathway. By counting the amount of the seedlings and crab holes in each of the 10 quadrants, the results were listed on a piece of paper. For the seedlings you take the average amount in all the quadrants and multiply it by the total area that the mangrove seedling creek covered to obtain the overall abundance of the seedlings. For each one crab hole lives one crab in it, the average amount of crab holes in the 10 quadrants where multiplied by the area of mangrove seedling creek covered to obtain the abundance of the crabs in each crab hole. Describing the distribution of a plant and animal species: The first location was the mangrove trees; at the first location you’ll find a long transect. Along the transect where 10 meter posts that ended at 100 meters, mangrove trees where surrounding each one of the meters. The height of these mangrove trees were listed according to the estimation of the meter posts in every metre from 10100. The results were recorded on a vegetation graph, where the y axis is the height of the mangroves in meters and the x axis is the distance distant from the creek in meters. The crabs liver near rivers because the abundant of food resources. When the tide comes up and deposits a rotted organic matter, referred to as detritus more offer near the creak. Results: The vegetation profile for Mangroves The height of the mangroves in the transect as function of distance (m) Graph1: Relation Between organisms in this ecosystem Relationship| Definition| Mutualism | This is a relationship that is mutually beneficial for both organisms. Example: Like the shark and the remora, the remora swims under the shark and eats the dead skin of the shark, the remora benefits by being protected by the shark and the shark benefit’s by losing all of its dead skin. | Allelopathy| This happens when a plant releases a chemical to inhibit the growth of other plants. Example: The casuarina tree, it release casuarina needles to prevent the growth of other plants around it. | Commensalism | A relationship that benefits one organism and does not harm the other. Example: The epiphyte, it stays on the tree, the epiphyte benefits by having a place to stay and the tree is not harmed. Parasitism | In this relationship, one organism benefits, but the host organism is harmed. The abiotic factors which we studied in the mangroves ecosystem and the Saltmarsh community where soil temp, soil moisture, light intensity, wind velocity, air temp and humidity. These abiotic factors were recorded in 3 phases (times). The soil temp and the air temp in the saltmarsh was slightly higher from the soil and air temp in the mangroves because of the height of the mangroves, there’s hardly enough sunlight hitting the soil and the air. The soil moisture in the mangrove community increased from the saltmarsh community due to the mangrove trees releasing some water and because the sunlight hits the saltmarsh which allows the water in the soil to evaporate which means the soil moisture is lower in the saltmarsh community hence soil is muddier in the mangroves community. The light intensity in the saltmarsh was higher than the light intensity in the mangroves just like in the soil temp the sun hardly hits, because of the height of the mangroves that prevent the sunlight to pass through; hence this influences the levels of photosynthetic productivity. The wind velocity where lightly equal in both of the 2 ecosystems the slightly difference could be because of the time. The humidity in the saltmarsh increased from the humidity of the mangroves. â€Å"The abiotic factors for the saltmarsh and mangroves ecosystem are not all similar over the whole area†(5). The mangroves could be near a creek or a river and vice-versa the salt marsh could be near an ocean this might change the results we obtained with the abiotic factors. Abiotic factors differ with each area the ecosystem is. Abiotic factors could affect some mangroves and saltmarsh ecosystems the light intensity could be one of these factors, don’t plants need sunlight to perform photosynthesis, if light isn’t available for the mangroves how are they going to perform photosynthesis and grow and develop. Wind patterns can also affect the ecosystem, air picks up the vaporized water from the ocean it loses water as it is forced up mountain this is the procedure where rainfall occurs and rainfall is also important in the procedure of plant growth. Soil moisture also affects the distribution of organisms (mangroves) mangrove trees tend to site where the soil moisture is more high. The abundance of the crabs (crab holes) and mangrove seedling in the creek where obtained by applying the quadrant technique, we noticed that when the amount of seedling increased the amount of crab holes decreased hence the more the crab holes in the quadrant the seedling where less abundant. The map indicated the closer the mangrove seedling where to the creek the less abundant they were. Meanwhile for the crab holes the closer they were for the creek the more abundant the where. This is because of the food resources for the crabs, the tide comes up and deposits a rotted organic matter often referred to as detritus which is near the creak. The crabs also tend to live near the creek because of humans the crabs might get frightened from humans so they are more abundant further from the pathway near the creek. The quadrant method was used to estimate the abundance of crabs in each crab holes and the mangrove seedling in the Badu mangrove ecosystem. This method wasn’t that accurate because first of all it takes a lot of time and when counting the amount an individual might make a mistake or might miss one or two. But this method has an advantage that the environment being tested on is not affected or harmed, to improve the accuracy of the quadrant method one should be focused in counting the amount of plant and animal species and repeat the procedure more than one. The heights of the grey mangroves along the transect where measured the only disadvantage is the estimation of the height of the trees could be inaccurate, approaches in improving this method is by using measuring tape or some kind of measuring technique that is more accurate. A variety of equipment where used to measure the abiotic factors in the saltmarsh and the mangrove ecosystems, the equipment are: soil thermometer probe, soil moisture probe, anemometer, air thermometer, light meter and hygrometer. For the soil moisture probe, soil and air thermometer and the hygrometer the result was obtained by recording the reading of these equipment, this procedure was accurate. For the light meter and anemometer there where steps (steps in method above) an individual may not know how to use these meters and may take the wrong reading, like in the results there was a result of 10lux while the rest of the results were in hundreds. Actions in improving these methods is have an experienced guide next to one nd help, use up-to-date equipment be careful and focused while taking the reading and repetition of each method could help the results be more accurate. Biotic factors could affect an area were organism’s sites, human impact is a major one. Human impact could affect the mangrove ecosystem studied at the park, here are some impacts: * Littering is a major impact â€Å"Much litter contains toxins and chemicals that are harmful to animal and plant life†(6). Hard surfaces and foot paths like cement which â€Å"emissions of airborne pollution in the form of dust, gases, noise and vibration when operating machinery and during blasting in quarries, and damage to countryside from quarrying†(7). * Fertilizer’s they promote the growth of bacteria, fungi and algae. * Air pollution by factories and cars when the release smokes that is harmful to the air of the environment. * Physical damage for example teenagers vandalizing a natural resort. * The increase in fires not also promotes air pollution but it is damaging its whole surroundings. Wars could also have an impact on the environment. Strategies that could be applied to minimise or balance human impacts on the ecosystem: * Government could make fines for li ttering, increase the amount of rubbish bins. * More signs in the area that says fines for vandalizing property. * Create soft surfaces instead of hard ones. * Laws to produce the production of gases (green house) in factories. * Use filters on cars or factories to prevent the increase of air pollution. * Recycling. * Natural farming instead of using fertilizers. Conclusion: The aim for this experiment was measuring the biotic and abiotic factors which we measured by using different types of methods and techniques, and included them in the results in forms of tables and graphs. These results were used to acquiesce the priority of each experiment and to answer the aim of the experiment. The discussion discusses the results and clarifies how we could’ve improved the tests and what was being affected in each one. We also studied the abundance and distribution of the plant and animal species it was presented in a graph, the description of the patterns where included in he results. Human impacts also have a huge impact on the ecosystems, so people should be careful and treat the ecosystems like their own children. Bicentennial Park can advertise the importance of ecosystems and educating generations to come.